Microcapsules are tiny particles, usually 1 to 1,000 micrometres across, made of a core material (an active, oil, pigment or flavour) surrounded by a protective shell. They protect the core and control when and how it is released.
Anatomy of a microcapsule
Part
Role
Examples
Core
The ingredient being protected or delivered
Retinol, vitamin C, fragrance, pigment, probiotic, pesticide
Shell
Protects the core and controls release
Cellulose, gelatin, alginate, waxes, proteins, synthetic polymers
Trigger
What opens the shell
Rubbing, dissolving, heat, pH, time
How small are microcapsules?
For scale: a human hair is about 70 µm wide. Most cosmetic microcapsules are between roughly 5 and 300 µm, small enough to disappear into a cream but larger than nanoparticles (below 1 µm). Tagra’s microcapsules are micron-sized and non-nano.
Types
Breakable: stay intact until rubbed (Release on Demand™)
Non-breakable: permanently isolate the core
Water-soluble: dissolve and release the core in water
Diffusion: release slowly through the shell
Where microcapsules are used
Skincare and make-up, sunscreens, oral care, food and supplements, pharmaceuticals, pet products, agriculture, laundry fragrance, textiles and self-healing materials.
Microcapsules and microplastics
Capsules made from synthetic, non-biodegradable polymers are being restricted in the EU under Regulation 2023/2055. Tagra’s microcapsules use plant-based cellulose shells and are microplastic-free.
FAQ
Are microcapsules safe in cosmetics?
Yes, when made from approved materials and used as intended. Ask the supplier for safety and regulatory documentation.
What is the difference between microcapsules and microbeads?
Microbeads are solid plastic exfoliating particles, banned in rinse-off products in many countries. Microcapsules are delivery systems that carry an active.